UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended
OR
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number:
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
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(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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(Address of principal executive offices) |
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Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Name of each exchange on which registered |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer |
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Accelerated filer |
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Smaller reporting company |
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Emerging growth company |
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
As of May 11, 2022, there were
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” as defined by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Any statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q about the Company’s future expectations, plans and prospects, including statements about its strategy, future operations, development of its product candidates, the review of strategic alternatives and the outcome of such review and other statements containing words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “estimates,” “intends,” “predicts,” “projects,” “targets,” “could,” “may,” and similar expressions, constitute forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements include such identifying words. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to statements regarding:
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our product development plans, expectations for and the timing of commencement, enrollment, completion, data, and release of results of clinical trials for our product candidates; |
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our estimates regarding expenses, capital requirements and needs for additional financing; |
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our strategies with respect to our preclinical and clinical development programs; |
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our plans, strategy and timing to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals of our product candidates; |
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expectations about our future financial performance or condition. |
Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including the factors listed under “Risk Factor Summary” below. These risks and uncertainties, as well as other risks and uncertainties that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ significantly from the forward-looking statements contained herein, are described in greater detail in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Any forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date hereof and not as of any future date, and the Company expressly disclaims any intent to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
The market data and certain other statistical information used in this Quarterly Report are based on independent industry publications, governmental publications, reports by market research firms or other independent sources. Some data are also based on our good faith estimates. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information.
2
RISK FACTOR SUMMARY
The following summarizes the principal factors that make an investment in the Company speculative or risky, all of which are more fully described in Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This summary should be read in conjunction with the Risk Factors section and should not be relied upon as an exhaustive summary of the material risks facing our business. The occurrence of any of these risks could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or growth prospects or cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements we have made in this report and those we may make from time to time. You should consider all of the risk factors described in our public filings when evaluating our business.
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Our short operating history and the acquisition of Anelixis Therapeutics, Inc. in September 2020 may make it difficult to evaluate the success of our business to date and to assess our future viability. |
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We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception and expect that we will continue to incur losses over the next several years and may never achieve or maintain profitability. |
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Our product candidates are in the early stages of clinical development and may not be successfully developed. If we are unable to successfully develop and commercialize these or any other product candidate, or if we experience significant delays in doing so, our business will be materially harmed. |
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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken in response to it may result in additional disruptions to our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. |
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Drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, including failure to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA or similar regulatory authorities outside the United States. We may incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the formulation and commercialization of our product candidates. |
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Delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials could delay or prevent our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals and increase expenses for the development of our product candidates. |
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If serious adverse events or unacceptable side effects are identified during the development of our product candidates, we may need to abandon or limit our development of some of our product candidates. |
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We will require additional funding to be able to complete the development of our lead drug candidate. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we may be forced to significantly alter our business strategy, substantially curtail our current operations, or liquidate and cease operations altogether. |
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Our future success depends on our ability to retain executives and key employees and to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel in the future. |
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If we are not able to obtain, or if there are delays in obtaining, required regulatory approvals, or the approvals may be for a narrow indication, we may not be able to commercialize our product candidates, and our ability to generate revenue may be materially impaired. |
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Legislation regulating the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries may increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval of and commercialize our product candidates and affect the prices we may obtain. |
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Our internal computer systems, or those of our third-party collaborators, service providers, contractors or consultants, may fail or suffer security breaches, disruptions, or incidents, which could result in a material disruption of our development programs or loss of data or compromise the privacy, security, integrity or confidentiality of sensitive information related to our business and have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition or results of operations. |
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Even if any of our product candidates receives marketing approval, we may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payers and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success. |
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If our current product candidates, or a future product candidate receives marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the product is less effective than previously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, the ability to market the product could be compromised. |
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We face substantial competition, which may result in others discovering, developing or commercializing competing products before or more successfully than we do. |
3
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The insurance coverage and reimbursement status of newly approved products is uncertain. Failure to obtain or maintain adequate coverage and reimbursement for new or current products could limit our ability to market those products and decrease our ability to generate revenue. |
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The reliance on third parties for the manufacture of our product candidates for nonclinical and clinical trials, and for eventual commercialization, increases the risk that we will not have sufficient quantities of our product candidates or products at an acceptable cost and quality, which could delay, prevent or impair our development or commercialization efforts. |
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We depend on contract research organizations (“CROs”) and other contracted third parties to perform nonclinical and clinical testing and certain other research and development activities. As a result, the outcomes of the activities performed by these organizations will be, to a certain extent, beyond our control. |
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If we are unable to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our technology and products or if the scope of the intellectual property protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize technology and products similar or identical to ours, and our ability to successfully commercialize our technology and products may be impaired. |
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Our stock price could be volatile, and the market price of our common stock may drop unexpectedly. |
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If we fail to establish and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, our operating results and our ability to operate our business could be harmed. |
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Provisions in our corporate charter and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of the Company more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management. |
4
ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2022
Table of Contents
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Page |
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PART I. |
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Item 1. |
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6 |
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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 |
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10 |
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Item 2. |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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Item 3. |
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Item 4. |
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PART II. |
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Item 1. |
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Item 1A. |
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Item 2. |
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Item 3. |
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Item 4. |
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48 |
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Item 5. |
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Item 6. |
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48 |
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5
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
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March 31, 2022 |
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December 31, 2021 |
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ASSETS |
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
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$ |
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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Total current assets |
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Operating lease asset, net |
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Goodwill |
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In-process research and development |
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Other assets |
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Total assets |
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$ |
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$ |
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
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Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable |
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$ |
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$ |
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Current operating lease liability |
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Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
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Total current liabilities |
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Deferred tax liability |
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Non-current operating lease liability |
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Total liabilities |
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Commitments and contingencies (Note 5) |
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Stockholders’ equity: |
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Series X1 non-voting convertible preferred stock, $ authorized; and December 31, 2021, respectively |
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Series X non-voting convertible preferred stock, $ authorized; December 31, 2021 |
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Common stock, $ and December 31, 2021; outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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Accumulated deficit |
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Total stockholders’ equity |
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Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
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$ |
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$ |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Operating expenses |
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Research and development |
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$ |
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$ |
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General and administrative |
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Total operating expenses |
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Loss from operations |
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Other income/(expense), net |
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Loss before income tax benefit |
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Income tax benefit |
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— |
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Net loss and comprehensive loss |
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$ |
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$ |
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Net loss per share, basic and diluted |
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$ |
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$ |
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Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
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Series X1 Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock |
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Series X Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock |
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Common Stock |
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Additional Paid-In |
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Accumulated |
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Shares |
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Amount |
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Shares |
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Amount |
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Shares |
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Amount |
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Capital |
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Deficit |
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Total |
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Balance as of December 31, 2021 |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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Cancellation of common stock in connection with exchange for X1 non-voting convertible preferred stock |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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( |
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— |
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— |
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Stock-based compensation |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Net loss and other comprehensive loss |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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( |
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( |
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Balance as of March 31, 2022 |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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Balance as of December 31, 2020 |
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$ |
— |
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— |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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Cancellation of common stock in connection with exchange for preferred stock |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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( |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Cancellation of common stock in connection with exchange for warrants |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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( |
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( |
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— |
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— |
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Stock-based compensation |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Net loss and other comprehensive loss |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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( |
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( |
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Balance as of March 31, 2021 |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
8
ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Operating activities |
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Net loss |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Amortization of operating lease asset |
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Stock-based compensation |
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Deferred tax liabilities |
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— |
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( |
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Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Prepaid expenses and other assets |
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( |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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( |
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Operating lease liability |
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( |
) |
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( |
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Net cash used in operating activities |
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( |
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( |
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Financing activities |
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Offering costs in connection with PIPE transaction |
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— |
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( |
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Net cash used in financing activities |
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— |
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( |
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Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
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( |
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( |
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Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
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$ |
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$ |
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Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities |
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Common stock exchanged for X1 preferred stock |
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$ |
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$ |
— |
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Common stock exchanged for warrants |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
9
ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Description of Business
Eledon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (formerly Novus Therapeutics, Inc.) is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing life-changing, targeted medicines for persons living with an autoimmune disease, requiring an organ or cell-based transplant, or living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Unless otherwise indicated, references to the terms “Eledon,” “our,” “us,” “we”, or the “Company” refer to Eledon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis.
The Company’s lead compound in development is tegoprubart, an anti-CD40L antibody with high affinity for CD40 ligand, a well-validated biological target with broad therapeutic potential.
On
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and Article 8 of Regulation S-X requirements as set forth by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial information and reflect all adjustments and disclosures, which are, in the opinion of management, of a normal and recurring nature, and considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information contained herein. Pursuant to these rules and regulations, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all information and notes necessary for a complete presentation of results of operations and comprehensive loss, financial position, and cash flows in conformity with GAAP.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes of Eledon for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by the Company with the SEC on March 24, 2022. The results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of results expected for the full fiscal year or any other future period.
Principles of Consolidation
Eledon, a Delaware corporation, owns
The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiary is the U.S. Dollar; however, certain expenses, assets and liabilities are transacted at the local currency. These transactions are translated from the local currency into U.S. Dollars at exchange rates during or at the end of the reporting period. The activities of the Company’s foreign subsidiary are not significant to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
All significant intercompany accounts and transactions among the entities have been eliminated from the condensed consolidated financial statements.
10
Liquidity and Financial Condition
The Company has experienced recurring net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities since its inception. The Company recorded a net loss of $
At the time of issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company’s management performed an analysis and concluded that the Company had sufficient cash resources to meet its anticipated cash needs through at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make informed estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The most significant estimates in the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to stock-based compensation, accruals for liabilities, impairment of long-lived assets, including goodwill, and other matters that affect the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions and the differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash represents cash deposits held at financial institutions. The Company considers all liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of
Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, all of the Company’s long-lived assets were located in the United States.
Financial instruments that are subject to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents. The Company’s policy is to invest cash in institutional money market funds to limit the amount of credit exposure. At times, the Company maintains cash equivalents in short‑term money market funds and it has not experienced any losses on its cash equivalents.
The Company’s products will require approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and foreign regulatory agencies before commercial sales can commence. There can be no assurance that its products will receive any of these required approvals. The denial or delay of such approvals may impact the Company’s business in the future. In addition, after the approval by the FDA, there is still an ongoing risk of adverse events that did not appear during the product approval process.
11
The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the pharmaceutical industry, including, but not limited to, new technological innovations, clinical development risk, establishment of appropriate commercial partnerships, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government and environmental regulations, uncertainty of market acceptance of products, product liability, the volatility of its stock price and the need to obtain additional financing.
Our facilities and equipment, including those of our suppliers and vendors, may be affected by natural or man-made disasters. Our administrative office is based in Irvine, California and we manage all our research and development activities through third parties that are located throughout the world. We have taken precautions to safeguard our facilities, equipment and systems, including insurance, health and safety protocols, and off-site storage of computer data. However, our facilities and systems, as well as those of our third-party suppliers and vendors, may be vulnerable to earthquakes, fire, storm, health emergencies, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, power loss, telecommunications failures, physical and software break-ins, software viruses and similar events which could cause substantial delays in our operations, damage or destroy our equipment or inventory, and cause us to incur additional expenses and delay research and development activities. In addition, the insurance coverage we maintain may not be adequate to cover our losses in any circumstance and may not continue to be available to use on acceptable terms, or at all.
Reportable Segments
Operating segments under GAAP are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The CODM is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Company has determined that it operates in
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses include personnel and facility-related expenses, outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development costs, research costs and other consulting services and non-cash stock-based compensation. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Amounts due under contracts with third parties may be either fixed fee or fee for service, and may include upfront payments, monthly payments and payments upon the completion of milestones or receipt of deliverables. Non-refundable advance payments under agreements are capitalized and expensed as the related goods are delivered or services are performed.
The Company contracts with third parties to perform various clinical trial activities in the on-going development of potential products. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows to its vendors. Payments under the contracts depend on factors such as the achievement of certain events, successful enrollment of patients, and completion of portions of the clinical trial or similar conditions. The Company’s accrual for clinical trials is based on estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with clinical trial centers and clinical research organizations. These contracts may be terminated by the Company upon written notice and the Company is generally only liable for actual effort expended by the organizations to the date of termination, although in certain instances the Company may be further responsible for termination fees and penalties, as well as reasonable shutdown costs. The Company estimates its research and development expenses and the related accrual as of each balance sheet date based on the facts and circumstances known to the Company at that time. There have been no material adjustments to the Company’s prior‑period accrued estimates for clinical trial activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock and if-converted methods. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, preferred stock, convertible notes and accrued interest, stock options, warrants and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) are considered to be potentially dilutive securities and are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive. Therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for the periods presented due to the Company’s net loss position. Basic weighted average shares outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2022 include
12
underlying warrants to purchase common shares. As the shares underlying these warrants can be issued for little consideration (an exercise price per share equal to $
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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(In thousands, except share and per share data) |
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Net loss used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share |
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$ |
( |
) |
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$ |
( |
) |
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |
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$ |
( |
) |
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$ |
( |
) |
Weighted-average number of common shares, basic and diluted |
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The computation of diluted earnings per share excludes stock options, warrants, and RSUs that are anti-dilutive. As of March 31, 2022 and 2021, common share equivalents of
Stock-based Compensation
The Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards based on the grant-date estimated fair value.
The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, using assumptions that are subjective and require significant judgment and estimation by management. The risk-free rate assumption was based on observed yields from governmental zero-coupon bonds with an equivalent term. The expected volatility assumption was based on historical volatilities of a group of comparable industry companies whose share prices are publicly available. The peer group was developed based on companies in the pharmaceutical industry. The expected term of stock options represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to be outstanding. Because the Company does not have historical exercise behavior, it determined the expected life assumption using the simplified method for stock options granted to employees, which is an average of the options ordinary vesting period and the contractual term.
RSUs and performance-based RSUs (“PRSUs”) are measured and recognized based on the quoted market price of our common stock on the date of grant.
In March 2020, the Board approved an increase of
On December 18, 2020, the Company held a special meeting of its stockholders (the “Special Meeting”), whereby the Company’s stockholders approved the 2020 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”). The aggregate number of shares of stock initially available for issuance under the 2020 Plan was
13
The 2014 Plan was closed to new grants following the approval of the 2020 Plan, and therefore, there were
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
No new accounting pronouncement issued or effective during the fiscal period had or is expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
Note 3. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
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March 31, |
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December 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Prepaid insurance |
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$ |
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$ |
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Prepaid clinical |
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Prepaid other |
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Other current assets |
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Total prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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$ |
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$ |
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Note 4. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
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March 31, |
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December 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Accrued compensation and related expenses |
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$ |
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$ |
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Accrued severance |
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Accrued clinical |
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Accrued professional services |
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Accrued other |
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Total accrued expenses and other liabilities |
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$ |
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$ |
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Note 5. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases
The Company leases office space under various operating leases. Total rental expense for all operating leases in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was $
The Company has an operating lease for
On November 4, 2021, the Company entered into an operating lease for approximately
The Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception. Our office leases have a remaining term ranging from
Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date. Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of lease payments not yet paid. Operating lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset and are based upon the operating lease liabilities as adjusted for prepayments or accrued lease payments, initial direct costs, lease incentives, and impairment of operating lease assets. To determine the present value of lease payments not yet paid, we estimate incremental secured borrowing rates corresponding to the maturities of the leases. As we have no
14
outstanding debt nor committed credit facilities, secured or otherwise, we estimate this rate based on prevailing financial market conditions, comparable company and credit analysis, and management’s judgment.
Our leases contain rent escalations over the lease term. We recognize expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Additionally, tenant incentives used to fund leasehold improvements are recognized when earned and reduce our right-of-use asset related to the lease. These are amortized through the right-of-use asset as reductions of expense over the lease term. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
While we do not currently have any lease agreement with lease and non-lease components, we elected to account for lease and non-lease components as separate components.
We have elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all applicable classes of underlying assets. Short-term disclosures include only those leases with a term greater than one month and 12 months or less, and expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, that do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that we are reasonably certain to exercise, are not recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
The components of lease expense were as follows:
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Operating lease cost(a) |
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$ |
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$ |
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(a) Includes variable operating lease expenses, which are immaterial |
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Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands, except lease term and discount rate):
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Supplemental Cash Flows Information |
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Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liability: |
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Operating cash flows from operating lease |
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$ |
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$ |
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Remaining lease term |
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Operating lease |
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Discount rate |
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Operating lease |
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% |
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% |
Future payments under noncancelable operating leases having initial or remaining terms of one year or more are as follows for the succeeding fiscal year and thereafter (in thousands):
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March 31, |
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2022 |
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2022 (remainder of) |
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$ |
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2023 |
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2024 |
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Total minimum lease payments |
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Less imputed interest |
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( |
) |
Present value of lease liabilities |
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Less current portion of operating lease liability |
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( |
) |
Non-current operating lease liability |
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$ |
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15
Grants and Licenses
ALS Therapy Development Foundation, Inc. License Agreement
In May 2015, Anelixis executed a License Agreement (the “Agreement”), which is an exclusive patent rights agreement with ALS Therapy Development Foundation, Inc. (“ALS TDI”) for certain patents and “know-how” of ALS TDI. This agreement continues until the licensee terminates the agreement with ninety days written notice. The Agreement requires license fees payable to ALS TDI, subject to the achievement of certain milestones and other conditions.
The first and second milestones of the Agreement are the dosing of the first subjects in a first toxicity study in non-human primates and the dosing of the first patient in a Phase I Clinical Trial, respectively. Both of these milestones were achieved as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. The fee due for the achievement of these milestones was $
The Agreement was amended and restated in February 2020, and a first amendment to the restated license agreement was executed in September 2020. As amended in September 2020, the remaining milestone payments for a first licensed product total $
In addition to the milestone payments, the Company is required to pay ALS TDI an amended annual license maintenance fee of $
Furthermore, the Company shall pay ALS TDI fees based on reaching certain levels of annual net sales of any product produced with the patent rights. A royalty in the low single digits will be due on aggregate net sales. Upon the first calendar year of reaching $
Israeli Innovation Authority Grant
From 2012 through 2015, the Company received grants in the amount of approximately $
Legal Matters
The Company is involved in various lawsuits and claims arising in the ordinary course of business, including actions with respect to intellectual property, employment, and contractual matters. In connection with these matters, the Company assesses, on a regular basis, the probability and range of possible loss based on the developments in these matters. A liability is recorded in the financial statements if it is believed to be probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable and unfavorable results could occur, assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. The Company regularly reviews outstanding legal matters to determine the adequacy of the liabilities accrued and related disclosures. The amount of ultimate loss may differ from these estimates. Each matter presents its own unique circumstances, and prior litigation does not necessarily provide a reliable basis on which to predict the outcome, or range of outcomes, in any individual proceeding. Because of the uncertainties related to the occurrence, amount, and range of loss on any pending litigation or claim, the Company does not consider a liability probable and is currently unable to predict their ultimate outcome, and, with respect to any pending litigation or claim where no liability has been accrued, to make a meaningful estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss that could result from an unfavorable outcome. In the event that opposing litigants in outstanding litigation proceedings or claims ultimately succeed at trial and any subsequent appeals on their claims, any potential loss or charges in
16
excess of any established accruals, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, and/or cash flows in the period in which the unfavorable outcome occurs or becomes probable, and potentially in future periods.
Legal Proceedings
We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings. We may, however, in the ordinary course of business face various claims brought by third parties or government regulators and we may, from time to time, make claims or take legal actions to assert our rights, including claims relating to our directors, officers, stockholders, intellectual property rights, employment matters and the safety or efficacy of our products.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves future claims that may be made against the Company but have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future because of these indemnification obligations.
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made, and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. There have been
Note 6. Stockholders’ Equity
Equity Distribution Agreement
On March 31, 2021, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 containing a prospectus and prospectus supplement under which the Company may offer and sell up to $
17
Common Stock Warrants
As of March 31, 2022, there were
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Roll Forward of Warrant Activity |
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Registered direct warrants, placement agent |
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Private placement warrants |
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Private placement warrants, placement agent |
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Warrants exchanged for common stock |
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Warrants exchanged for Series X1 preferred stock |
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Total |
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Balance as of December 31, 2021 |
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Issued |
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Exercised |
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Cancelled/Expired |
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Balance as of March 31, 2022 |
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Exchange Agreements
On January 11, 2022, the Company entered into an exchange agreement (the “Series X1 Exchange Agreement”) with Biotechnology Value Fund, L.P., Biotechnology Value Fund II, L.P., Biotechnology Value Trading Fund OS, L.P., MSI BVF SPV, L.L.C. (collectively, the “BVF Exchanging Stockholders”), pursuant to which the Series X1 Exchanging Stockholders exchanged (the “Series X1 Exchange”)
Preferred Stock Warrants
As of March 31, 2022, there were
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Roll Forward of Series X1 Convertible Preferred Warrant Activity |
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Total |
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Balance as of December 31, 2021 |
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Assumed and replaced |
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Exercised |
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Cancelled/Expired |
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Balance as of March 31, 2022 |
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Stock-Based Compensation
Total stock-based compensation expense was recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Research and development |
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$ |
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$ |
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General and administrative |
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Total stock-based compensation |
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$ |
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$ |
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18
Note 7. Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated events subsequent to March 31, 2022 through the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Any material subsequent events that occurred during this time have been properly recognized or disclosed in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
19
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The unaudited interim financial statements and this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read together with our audited financial statements and accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 24, 2022. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Please see Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of certain risk factors applicable to our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that may occur for the full fiscal year or any other future period. Unless otherwise indicated, references to the terms “Eledon”, the “Company”, “we”, “our”, and “us” refer to Eledon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. References to the term “Tokai” refer to Tokai Pharmaceuticals, Inc., the legal predecessor of the Company.
ABOUT ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS
Overview
Eledon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Eledon” or the “Company”) is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing life-changing, targeted medicines for persons requiring an organ or cell-based transplant, living with autoimmune disease, or living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). The Company’s lead compound in development is tegoprubart, an IgG1, anti-CD40L antibody with high affinity for CD40 Ligand (“CD40L”, also called “CD154”), a well-validated biological target that we believe has broad therapeutic potential.
Tegoprubart is engineered to potentially both improve safety and provide pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and dosing advantages compared to other anti-CD40 approaches. The CD40L/CD40 pathway is recognized for its prominent role in immune regulation. CD40L is primarily expressed on activated CD4+ T cells, platelets and endothelial cells while the CD40 receptor is constitutively expressed on antigen presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, as well as B cells. By blocking CD40L and not the CD40 receptor, tegopurbart inhibits both the CD40 and CD11 costimulatory signaling pathways, providing the potential for improved efficacy compared to anti-CD40 receptor approaches. Blocking CD40L also increases polarization of CD4+ lymphocytes to Tregs, a specialized subpopulation of T cells that act to suppress an immune response, thus creating a more tolerogenic environment, which may play a therapeutic role for autoimmune diseases and in the transplant setting.
Tegopurbart is designed to negate the risk of thrombolytic events seen in the first generation of anti-CD40L antibodies by introducing structural modifications that have been shown in preclinical models to eliminate binding to the Fcγ receptors associated with platelet activation without altering the binding of tegoprubart to CD40L. In non-human primate studies, dosing of Tegoprubart up to 200 mg/kg per week for 26 weeks, demonstrated no adverse events regarding coagulation, platelet activation or thromboembolism.
In September 2020, we acquired Anelixis Therapeutics, Inc. (“Anelixis”), the company that owned or controlled the intellectual property related to tegoprubart.
Our business strategy is to optimize the clinical and commercial value of tegoprubart and become a global biopharmaceutical company with a focused autoimmune franchise.
We have completed a single ascending dose Phase 1 study of tegoprubart in healthy volunteers and people with ALS. In this study, the doses of tegoprubart studied were well tolerated in healthy subjects and adults with ALS. Tegopurbart demonstrated low anti-drug antibody responses that were not dose related, linear dose proportionality across the dose ranges, and a half-life of up to 26 days.
We plan to develop tegoprubart in up to four indications: ALS, prevention of kidney allograft rejection, prevention of islet cell allograft rejection, and IgA Nephropathy (“IgAN”). We selected our indications based on preclinical and clinical data that was generated with either our molecule or historical anti-CD40L molecules. In October 2020, we initiated a Phase 2a clinical trial of tegoprubart in ALS. In November 2020, we received clearance from Health Canada to proceed with the initiation of a Phase 2a clinical trial of tegoprubart for people with type 1 diabetes undergoing islet cell transplantation. In July 2021, we received clearance from Health Canada to proceed with initiation of a Phase 1b clinical trial of tegoprubart in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. In November 2021, we received investigational new drug (“IND”) clearance from the FDA for a Phase 2a clinical trial of tegoprubart for people with type 1 diabetes undergoing islet cell transplantation in the United States. In December 2021, we received approval for a Phase 1b clinical trial of tegoprubart in kidney transplantation in the United Kingdom. Through March 2022, we received regulatory approvals for a Phase 2a clinical trial of tegoprubart in IgAN in Australia, New Zealand and Malaysia.
20
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
ALS is a progressive, paralytic disorder characterized by degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. In the U.S., the incidence is estimated at approximately 5,000 cases per year with a prevalence of approximately 30,000 cases overall. Despite 2 approved drugs, in most cases, death from respiratory failure occurs approximately 3 to 5 years after diagnosis, with 50% of patients living at least 3 years from diagnosis and only 20% of patients living at least 5 years from diagnosis.
While the exact pathogenic mechanism of ALS is still not fully understood, there is strong evidence indicating that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the disease’s pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation in ALS is characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages into the central nervous system, and the activation of microglia and reactive astrocytes. Reactive astrocytes and microglia as well as infiltrating lymphocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and immune complexes have been identified in cerebrospinal fluid and neural tissues in both animal models of ALS and at autopsy in ALS patients.
Tegoprubart is designed to block CD40L binding to CD40, thereby potentially inhibiting neuroinflammatory pathways leading to disease progression in ALS. In vitro proof-of-concept studies have shown that tegoprubart binds to CD40L in human cells and blocks CD40L binding on APCs and activated T cells. The potential for therapeutic benefit of CD40L blockage in treating ALS has been demonstrated in a SOD1 mouse model of ALS, where a murine anti-CD40L antibody, MR1, prolonged survival and delayed the onset of neurological disease progression. These clinical manifestations are believed to be due to reduced immune cell infiltration of macrophages into skeletal muscle and their destroying denervated nerves. The plasticity of the nervous system to repair itself in the absence of this immune cell attack is believed to result in improved neuromuscular junction occupancy and improved muscle function. Blocking CD40L signaling also prevents pro-inflammatory polarization of lymphocytes, reduced neuroinflammation and improved motor neuron survival in rodent ALS models.
In October 2020, the Company initiated a Phase 2a, open-label, multi-center study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of multiple doses of tegoprubart in adult subjects with ALS. Fifty-four subjects with ALS have been enrolled into the study in the United States and Canada at 13 ALS treatment sites. Ascending doses of tegoprubart were administered as IV infusions to four sequentially enrolling cohorts. The first two cohorts consisted of nine participants, and the last two cohorts of 18 participants each. All enrolled subjects received six bi-weekly infusions of tegoprubart over a 12-week study period. Blood samples for target engagement, and exploratory biomarkers for inflammation and neurodegeneration are being taken and analyzed. Participant-focused clinical outcomes will also be assessed. As of March 31, 2022, all patients were enrolled and completed participation in the trial.
Kidney transplantation: prevention of allograft rejection
Kidney transplantation is the most common type of solid organ transplantation in the United States with an estimated 227,000 Americans living with a transplanted kidney. In 2019, an estimated 23,000 kidneys were transplanted, of which up to 15% were re-transplants in persons that had already received at least one other kidney. Over 90,000 people in the U.S. are waiting for a kidney transplant and in 2014, nearly 5,000 Americans died waiting for a kidney with another nearly 4,000 becoming too sick to receive a transplant.
Calcineurin inhibitors (“CNI”s) are a critical component of many immunosuppressive regimens to prevent acute and long-term kidney transplant rejection. However, chronic exposure to certain CNIs including tacrolimus is associated with nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, new onset diabetes due to pancreatic Beta cell toxicity and an increase in both opportunistic infections and malignancies. Over time, these CNI side effects may significantly damage transplanted kidneys or result in a requirement for reduced exposures to CNIs and a resulting potential decrease in the ability to prevent long-term rejection.
Tegoprubart seeks to address challenges associated with current immunosuppressive transplantation regimens using CNI-based therapies. The ability to prevent acute and chronic transplant rejection without the need for CNIs has the potential to transform the clinical management of preventing graft rejection by mitigating the adverse events associated with CNIs and improving long-term graft survival, thus potentially decreasing the need for repeat kidney transplants.
21
In July 2021, the Company received a No Objection Letter (NOL) from Health Canada for a Phase 1b clinical trial of tegoprubart, in 6 to 12 subjects, replacing tacrolimus as an immunosuppressive regimen component in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. In December 2021, the Company received approval for a Phase 1b clinical trial of tegoprubart, replacing tacrolimus as an immunosuppressive regimen component in patients undergoing kidney transplantation in the United Kingdom. In March 2022, the Company completed a non-human primate study evaluating tegoprubart monotherapy in the prevention of allograft rejection.
Islet cell transplantation: prevention of allograft rejection
Type 1 diabetes is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease with progressive loss of insulin producing pancreatic beta cells and affects over one million persons in the U.S. Of these individuals, an estimated 70,000 people have a particularly hard to control type 1 diabetes called Brittle Diabetes (“BT1D”) which is in part characterized by large swings in blood glucose levels and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia for people with type 1 diabetes is associated with severe hypoglycemic events which can lead to significant symptoms and even death. Pancreatic islet cell transplantation may be a therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes because it can restore physiological insulin secretion, minimize the risk of hypoglycemic unawareness, and reduce the risk of death due to severe hypoglycemia. The advances made in this field over the past decade have improved patient outcomes.
A number of issues are believed to continue to hamper the overall success of islet cell transplantation and to need to be addressed in order for there to be widespread clinical acceptance. These include the acute loss of transplanted islets with current immunosuppressive treatments, particularly those with CNI-based therapies, due to islet cell toxicity and alloreactive immunologic responses to transplanted islets. Over time, the progressive loss of islet cells and decline in islet cell function often leads to the need for multiple transplant procedures in order for BTID patients to have optimal response to blood glucose levels and possibly achieve insulin independence. We believe that treatment with tegoprubart will address the challenges associated with current islet cell transplantation immunosuppressive regimens using CNI-based therapies, by replacing the CNIs with tegoprubart. CD40L blockade may abolish many effector mechanisms of inflammation, prevent, and intervene in the progression of autoimmunity, and instill transplant tolerance without causing harm to islet cells.
Historical studies in nonhuman primate models of islet cell transplantation have demonstrated that treatment with anti-CD40L antibodies induces long term islet cell function and graft survival, even as a monotherapy. Tegoprubart has shown pre-clinical, proof-of-concept efficacy in a non-human primate model of type 1 diabetes, where animals undergoing islet cell transplantation maintained glucose control and sustained levels of C-peptide with chronic tegoprubart treatment for up to a year. Compared to combination immunosuppressive therapy including CNIs, tegoprubart monotherapy was more effective in preventing long term islet cell rejection, associated with better graft function, and showed an improved safety profile.
In November 2020, the Company received clearance from Health Canada to proceed with the initiation of a Phase 2a clinical trial of tegoprubart for people with type 1 diabetes undergoing islet cell transplantation. In November 2021, the Company received investigational new drug (“IND”) clearance from the FDA for a Phase 2a clinical trial of tegoprubart for people with type 1 diabetes undergoing islet cell transplantation in the United States.
IgA Nephropathy
IgAN is the leading cause of glomerulonephritis, a state of inflammation producing damage to the filtering part of the kidney. Disease manifestation and clinical presentation involves renal dysfunction characterized by proteinuria with a slow relentless course. Approximately 30%-40% of patients ultimately reach end stage renal disease (ESRD). The standard of care for ESRD is dialysis or kidney transplant, which represents a significant economic burden as well as a major impact on a patient’s quality of life. With an estimated prevalence of approximately 150,000 persons in the United States, IgAN is one of the most common autoimmune glomerulonephropathies. There are currently no European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approved treatments for IgAN, although in the United States budesonide was approved for use in IgAN by the FDA in December 2021.
The pathophysiology of IgAN has been well characterized, and based on its mechanism of action, tegoprubart has the potential to impact the disease process both upstream, at the source of the immune complexes, and downstream in the kidney itself, where it may reduce inflammation in the glomeruli. By disrupting multiple steps in the IgAN’s pathophysiology, tegoprubart has the potential to affect the clinical course of the disease and improve outcomes for patients. The inhibition of CD40L has been shown to be effective in models of multiple glomerulonephritides, as measured by a reduction in proteinuria and were associated with a decrease in immune cell infiltrate into the glomeruli
22
Through March 2022, the Company received regulatory clearances to initiate a phase 2a study in IgAN in Australia, New Zealand, and Malaysia, and plans to expand to other countries. The global study will include up to 42 subjects in a high dose and a low dose cohort, with endpoints starting at 24 weeks including change in urinary protein.
COVID-19 Impact
The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting global disruptions have adversely affected our business and operations, including, but not limited to, the operations of third parties upon whom we rely. The effects of executive and similar government orders, including shelter-in-place orders and work-from-home policies may negatively impact our productivity and disrupt our business. Although the impacts of COVID-19 have not been material to-date, we have experienced delays in certain clinical studies and resulting delays in data collection and have also experienced inefficiencies in planning and executing trials due to our limited ability to conduct meetings with key third parties. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we quickly implemented safety and health standards and protocols for our employees. We have been responsive to local guidelines in respect of the COVID-19 pandemic, which included shutting our offices for part of 2021 and having our employees work from home, re-opening in deliberate fashion following local guidelines, and installing COVID-19 plans and policies to be followed at our offices (including mask protocols, and limitations on attendance in common spaces).
The further spread of COVID-19 and its effects, including actions to limit the spread of the illness, could impact our ability to carry out our business and may materially adversely impact global economic conditions. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our business will depend on future developments, including the duration and severity of the outbreak (including the severity and transmission rates of new variants of the virus, such as the Delta and Omicron variants), the timing, distribution, rate of public acceptance and efficacy of vaccines and other treatments, the effect of governmental regulations imposed in response to the pandemic and the magnitude and duration of global supply chain constraints, all of which are highly uncertain and ever-changing. The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting global disruptions have caused significant volatility in financial and credit markets. We have utilized a range of financing methods to fund our operations in the past; however, current conditions in the financial and credit markets may limit the availability of funding or increase the cost of funding. Any of the foregoing factors, or other effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, could materially affect our business, possibly to a significant degree. The severity and duration of any such impacts cannot be predicted.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS AND ESTIMATES
Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation