SEC Filing | Eledon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

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10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-36620

ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Delaware		20-1000967
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

19900 MacArthur Blvd., Suite 550 Irvine, California		92612
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(949) 238-8090

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading
Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.001 par value

ELDN

Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒

		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

As of May 10, 2023 there were 22,506,956 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” as defined by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Any statements other than statements of historical or current fact in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward looking statements. In some instances, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “estimates,” “intends,” “predicts,” “projects,” “targets,” “could,” “may,” and similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements include such identifying words. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to statements regarding:

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our product development plans, expectations for and the timing of commencement, enrollment, completion, data, and release of results of clinical trials for our product candidates;

•

our estimates regarding expenses, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;

•

our strategies with respect to our preclinical and clinical development programs;

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our plans, strategy and timing to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals of our product candidates;

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our review of strategic alternatives and the outcome of such review; and

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expectations about our future financial performance or condition.

Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including the factors listed under “Risk Factor Summary” below. These risks and uncertainties, as well as other risks and uncertainties that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ significantly from the forward-looking statements contained herein, are described in greater detail in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Any forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date hereof and not as of any future date, and the Company expressly disclaims any intent to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

The market data and certain other statistical information used in this Quarterly Report are based on independent industry publications, governmental publications, reports by market research firms or other independent sources. Some data are also based on our good faith estimates. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information.

RISK FACTOR SUMMARY

The following summarizes the principal factors that make an investment in the Company speculative or risky, all of which are more fully described in Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This summary should be read in conjunction with the Risk Factors section and should not be relied upon as an exhaustive summary of the material risks facing our business. The occurrence of any of these risks could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or growth prospects or cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements we have made in this report and those we may make from time to time. You should consider all of the risk factors described in our public filings when evaluating our business.

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Our short operating history and the acquisition of Anelixis Therapeutics, Inc. in September 2020 may make it difficult to evaluate the success of our business to date and to assess our future viability.

•

Our financial condition raises substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. If we become unable to continue as a going concern, we may have to liquidate our assets and the values we receive for our assets in liquidation or dissolution could be significantly lower than the values reflected in our financial statements.

•

We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception and expect that we will continue to incur losses over the next several years and may never achieve or maintain profitability.

•

We will require additional funding to be able to complete the development of our lead drug candidate. If we are unable to raise such capital, or if we are unable to do so on acceptable terms, we will be forced to significantly alter our business strategy, substantially curtail our current operations, or liquidate and cease operations altogether.

•

Issuances of our common stock, including common stock that may be issuable pursuant to outstanding warrants or other convertible securities as well as shares and warrants issued in connection with our recent Private Placement, could result in significant dilution and could cause our stock price to fall.

•

Our product candidates are in the early stages of clinical development and may not be successfully developed. If we are unable to successfully develop and commercialize these or any other product candidate, or if we experience significant delays in doing so, our business will be materially harmed.

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Unfavorable global economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business.

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Adverse conditions in the financial markets, including bank failures, could adversely affect our liquidity and financial performance.

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Drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, including failure to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or similar regulatory authorities outside the United States. We may incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development, formulation and commercialization of our product candidates.

•

The results of nonclinical studies and early clinical trials of our product candidates may not be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials, and there is a risk that additional nonclinical and/or clinical safety studies will be required by the FDA or similar regulatory authorities outside the United States or that subsequent studies will not match results seen in prior studies.

•

Delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials could delay or prevent our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals and increase expenses for the development of our product candidates.

•

If serious adverse events or unacceptable side effects are identified during the development of our product candidates, we may need to abandon or limit our development of some of our product candidates.

•

Our future success depends on our ability to retain executives and key employees and to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel in the future.

•

If we are not able to obtain, or if there are delays in obtaining, required regulatory approvals, or the approvals may be for a narrow indication, we may not be able to commercialize our product candidates, and our ability to generate revenue may be materially impaired.

•

Legislation regulating the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries may increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval of and commercialize our product candidates and affect the prices we may obtain.

•

Our internal computer systems, or those of our third-party collaborators, service providers, contractors or consultants, may fail or suffer security breaches, disruptions, or incidents, which could result in a material disruption

of our development programs or loss of data or compromise the privacy, security, integrity or confidentiality of sensitive information related to our business and have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition or results of operations.

•

Even if any of our product candidates receives marketing approval, we may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payers and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success.

•

If our current product candidates, or a future product candidate receives marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the product is less effective than previously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, the ability to market the product could be compromised.

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We face substantial competition, which may result in others discovering, developing or commercializing competing products before or more successfully than we do.

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The insurance coverage and reimbursement status of newly approved products is uncertain. Failure to obtain or maintain adequate coverage and reimbursement for new or current products could limit our ability to market those products and decrease our ability to generate revenue.

•

Our reliance on third parties for the manufacture of our product candidates for nonclinical and clinical trials, and for eventual commercialization, increases the risk that we will not have sufficient quantities of our product candidates or products at an acceptable cost and quality, which could delay, prevent or impair our development or commercialization efforts.

•

We depend on contract research organizations (“CROs”) and other contracted third parties to perform nonclinical and clinical testing and certain other research and development activities. As a result, the outcomes of the activities performed by these organizations will be, to a certain extent, beyond our control.

•

If we are unable to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our technology and products or if the scope of the intellectual property protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize technology and products similar or identical to ours, and our ability to successfully commercialize our technology and products may be impaired.

•

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected and it or other public health crises, pandemics or epidemics could in the future adversely affect our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

•

Our stock price could be volatile, and the market price of our common stock may drop unexpectedly.

•

If we fail to establish and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, our operating results and our ability to operate our business could be harmed.

•

Provisions in our corporate charter and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of the Company more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2023

Table of Contents


		Page

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Unaudited	6

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	7

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	8

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	9

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	28

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	29

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	29

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	51

Item 5.	Other Information	51

Item 6.	Exhibits	52

Signatures		54

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	46,485		$	56,409
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,419			3,109
Total current assets		48,904			59,518
Operating lease asset, net		647			739
In-process research and development		32,386			32,386
Other assets		369			150
Total assets	$	82,306		$	92,793
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,852		$	2,200
Current operating lease liabilities		384			363
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		2,242			3,912
Total current liabilities		5,478			6,475
Deferred tax liabilities		1,752			1,752
Non-current operating lease liabilities		284			383
Total liabilities		7,514			8,610

Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
Series X1 non-voting convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 515,000 shares designated; 117,970 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—			—
Series X non-voting convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000 shares designated; 6,204 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December, 31, 2022; 13,776,788 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022		14			14
Additional paid-in capital		288,415			287,034
Accumulated deficit		(213,637	)		(202,865	)
Total stockholders’ equity		74,792			84,183
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	82,306		$	92,793

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Operating expenses
Research and development	$	8,113		$	6,635
General and administrative		2,997			3,224
Total operating expenses		11,110			9,859
Loss from operations		(11,110	)		(9,859	)
Other income (expense), net		338			(5	)
Net loss and comprehensive loss	$	(10,772	)	$	(9,864	)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.75	)	$	(0.69	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		14,285,905			14,330,693

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)



	Series X1 Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock				Series X Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock				Common Stock					Additional Paid-In		Accumulated
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount		Capital		Deficit			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022		117,970	$	—		6,204	$	—		13,776,788		$	14	$	287,034	$	(202,865	)	$	84,183
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		—		—			—		1,381		—			1,381
Net loss and other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—			—		—		(10,772	)		(10,772	)
Balance as of March 31, 2023		117,970	$	—		6,204	$	—		13,776,788		$	14	$	288,415	$	(213,637	)	$	74,792

Balance as of December 31, 2021		108,070	$	—		6,204	$	—		14,306,788		$	14	$	278,880	$	(114,899	)	$	163,995
Cancellation of common stock in connection with exchange for X1 non-voting convertible preferred stock		9,900		—		—		—		(550,000	)		—		1		—			1
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		—		—			—		2,186		—			2,186
Net loss and other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—			—		—		(9,864	)		(9,864	)
Balance as of March 31, 2022		117,970	$	—		6,204	$	—		13,756,788		$	14	$	281,067	$	(124,763	)	$	156,318

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(10,772	)	$	(9,864	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Amortization of operating lease asset		92			93
Stock-based compensation		1,381			2,186
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets		471			921
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(1,018	)		(1,401	)
Operating lease liabilities		(78	)		(91	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(9,924	)		(8,156	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(9,924	)		(8,156	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		56,409			84,833
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	46,485		$	76,677
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Common stock exchanged for X1 non-voting convertible preferred stock	$	—		$	1

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Description of Business

Eledon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a clinical stage biotechnology company using its immunology expertise in targeting the CD40 Ligand (“CD40L”, also called “CD154”) pathway to develop therapies to protect transplanted organs and prevent rejection, and to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). The Company’s lead compound in development is tegoprubart, an IgG1, anti-CD40L antibody with high affinity for the CD40 Ligand, a well-validated biological target that we believe has broad therapeutic potential. Unless otherwise indicated, references to the terms “Eledon,” “our,” “us,” “we,” or the “Company” refer to Eledon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis.

On September 14, 2020, Eledon acquired Anelixis Therapeutics, Inc. (“Anelixis”), a privately held clinical stage biotechnology company developing a next generation anti-CD40L antibody as a potential treatment for organ and cellular transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. The Company maintains its corporate headquarters in Irvine, California and has research and development facilities in Burlington, Massachusetts.

Note 2. Going Concern and Management’s Plans

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the assumption the Company will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company had a net loss of $10.8 million for three months ended March 31, 2023 and an accumulated deficit of $213.6 million as of March 31, 2023, as a result of incurring losses since its inception. The Company expects to continue to incur net losses into the foreseeable future in connection with its ongoing activities, particularly as the Company expands its clinical program with tegoprubart, continues the research and development of, and seeks marketing approval for, its product candidates. In addition, if the Company obtains marketing approval for any of its product candidates, the Company expects to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution. The Company has financed operations primarily by net proceeds from the sale of preferred and common stock and warrants.

On April 28, 2023, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "Securities Purchase Agreement") with certain institutional and accredited investors (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Purchasers in a private placement (the “Private Placement”) shares of common stock and warrants in a series of three potential closings. On May 5, 2023, the initial closing occurred and the Company received $35.0 million, in exchange for 8,730,168 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase 6,421,350 shares of common stock and additional common stock warrants to purchase 15,151,518 shares of common stock (or pre-funded warrants in lieu thereof). The Company may receive up to an additional $105.0 million in tranche financing in a second and a third closing, subject to achieving specified clinical development milestones and volume weighted average share price levels and trading volume conditions, and an additional $45.5 million assuming the exercise of all Common Warrants issued in the initial closing of the Private Placement. See Note 8. “Subsequent Events” for further information regarding the Private Placement. Due to the contingent nature of the Common Warrants and the second and third closings of the Private Placement, accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires the Company to exclude them from its going concern analysis. If these events do not occur or the Company is unable to secure additional capital or is unable to do so on acceptable terms, it will be forced to significantly alter its business strategy, substantially curtail its current operations, or liquidate and cease operations altogether.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $46.5 million, excluding the net proceeds from the Private Placement. Additionally, in view of the Company’s expectation to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future it will be required to raise additional capital resources in order to fund its operations, although the availability of, and the Company’s access to, such resources is not assured. Accordingly, management believes that there is substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue operating as a going concern.

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and Article 8 of Regulation S-X requirements as set forth by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial information and reflect all adjustments and disclosures, which are, in the opinion of management, of a normal and recurring nature, and considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information contained herein. Pursuant to these rules and regulations, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all information and notes necessary for a complete presentation of results of operations and comprehensive loss, financial position, and cash flows in conformity with GAAP.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes of Eledon for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by the Company with the SEC on March 30, 2023. The results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of results expected for the full fiscal year or any other future period.

Principles of Consolidation

Eledon, a Delaware corporation, owns 100% of the issued and outstanding common stock or other ownership interest in Anelixis Therapeutics, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and Otic Pharma, Ltd., a private limited company organized under the laws of the State of Israel (“Otic”). Otic owns 100% of the issued and outstanding common stock or other ownership interest in its U.S. subsidiary, Otic Pharma, Inc.

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiary is the U.S. Dollar; however, certain expenses, assets and liabilities are transacted at the local currency. These transactions are translated from the local currency into U.S. Dollars at exchange rates during or at the end of the reporting period. The activities of the Company’s foreign subsidiary are not significant to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

All significant intercompany accounts and transactions among the entities have been eliminated from the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make informed estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The most significant estimates in the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to stock-based compensation, accruals for liabilities, impairment of long-lived assets, and other matters that affect the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions and the differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash represents cash deposits held at financial institutions. The Company considers all liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less and that can be liquidated without prior notice or penalty to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of cash equivalents approximates their fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Cash equivalents are held for the purpose of meeting short-term liquidity requirements, rather than for investment purposes. The Company had $9.4 million and $9.3 million of cash equivalents at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all of the Company’s long-lived assets were located in the United States.

Financial instruments that are subject to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents. The Company’s policy is to invest cash in institutional money market funds to limit the amount of credit exposure. At times, the

Company maintains cash equivalents in short‑term money market funds and it has not experienced any losses on its cash equivalents.

The Company’s products will require approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and foreign regulatory agencies before commercial sales can commence. There can be no assurance that its products will receive any of these required approvals. The denial or delay of such approvals may impact the Company’s business in the future. In addition, after the approval by the FDA, there is still an ongoing risk of adverse events that did not appear during the product approval process.

The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the pharmaceutical industry, including, but not limited to, new technological innovations, clinical development risk, establishment of appropriate commercial partnerships, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government and environmental regulations, uncertainty of market acceptance of products, product liability, the volatility of its stock price and the need to obtain additional financing.

Our facilities and equipment, including those of our suppliers and vendors, may be affected by natural or man-made disasters. Our administrative office is based in Irvine, California and we manage all our research and development activities through third parties that are located throughout the world. We have taken precautions to safeguard our facilities, equipment and systems, including insurance, health and safety protocols, and off-site storage of computer data. However, our facilities and systems, as well as those of our third-party suppliers and vendors, may be vulnerable to earthquakes, fire, storm, public health or similar emergencies, power loss, telecommunications failures, physical and software break-ins, software viruses and similar events which could cause substantial delays in our operations, damage or destroy our equipment or inventory, and cause us to incur additional expenses and delay research and development activities. In addition, the insurance coverage we maintain may not be adequate to cover our losses in any circumstance and may not continue to be available to use on acceptable terms, or at all.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses include personnel and facility-related expenses, outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development costs, research costs and other consulting services and non-cash stock-based compensation. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Amounts due under contracts with third parties may be either fixed fee or fee for service, and may include upfront payments, monthly payments and payments upon the completion of milestones or receipt of deliverables. Non-refundable advance payments under agreements are capitalized and expensed as the related goods are delivered or services are performed.

The Company contracts with third parties to perform various clinical trial activities in the on-going development of potential products. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows to its vendors. Payments under the contracts depend on factors such as the achievement of certain events, successful enrollment of patients, and completion of portions of the clinical trial or similar conditions. The Company’s accrual for clinical trials is based on estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with clinical trial centers and clinical research organizations. These contracts may be terminated by the Company upon written notice and the Company is generally only liable for actual effort expended by the organizations to the date of termination, although in certain instances the Company may be further responsible for termination fees and penalties. The Company estimates its research and development expenses and the related accrual as of each balance sheet date based on the facts and circumstances known to the Company at that time. There have been no material adjustments to the Company’s prior‑period accrued estimates for clinical trial activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock and if-converted methods. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation incentive stock options, restricted stock units and warrants are considered to be potentially dilutive securities and are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive. Therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for the periods presented due to the Company’s net loss position. Basic weighted average shares outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include 509,117 shares underlying warrants to purchase common

shares. As the shares underlying these warrants can be issued for little consideration (an exercise price per share equal to $0.001 per share), these shares are deemed to be issued for purposes of basic earnings per share.


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
	(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Net loss used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share	$	(10,772	)	$	(9,864	)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.75	)	$	(0.69	)
Weighted-average number of common shares, basic and diluted		14,285,905			14,330,693

The computation of diluted earnings per share excludes incentive stock options, restricted stock units and warrants that are anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, common share equivalents of 10,238,198 shares and 8,316,473 shares, respectively, were excluded because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards based on the grant-date estimated fair value.

The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, using assumptions which are subjective and require significant judgment and estimation by management. The risk-free rate assumption was based on observed yields from governmental zero-coupon bonds with an equivalent term. The expected volatility assumption was based on historical volatilities of a group of comparable industry companies whose share prices are publicly available. The peer group was developed based on companies in the pharmaceutical industry. The expected term of stock options represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to be outstanding. Because the Company does not have historical exercise behavior, the Company determined the expected life assumption using the simplified method for stock options granted to employees, which is an average of the options ordinary vesting period and the contractual term. For stock options granted to the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”), the Company determined the expected life assumption using the simplified method as the starting point with an average period of twelve (12) months added to take into account for the extended range of time of 12 to 18 months vested stock options granted to Board members may be exercised upon termination. The expected dividend assumption was based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has not paid and does not expect to pay dividends at any time in the foreseeable future. The Company recognizes forfeitures on an actual basis and as such did not estimate forfeitures to calculate stock-based compensation

Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") are measured and recognized based on the quoted market price of our common stock on the date of grant.

In March 2020, the Board approved an increase of 28,816 shares issuable under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”) and 7,204 shares issuable under the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”).

On December 18, 2020, the Company held a special meeting of its stockholders (the “Special Meeting”), whereby the Company’s stockholders approved the 2020 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”). The aggregate number of shares of stock initially available for issuance under the 2020 Plan was 4,860,000 shares of common stock, which represented approximately 15% of the total issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock as of the record date of the Special Meeting (calculated on an as-converted basis and without regard to the potential application of beneficial ownership conversion limitations on the Preferred Stock) and may be increased by the number of shares under the 2014 Plan that expire, terminate or are otherwise surrendered, cancelled, forfeited or repurchased by the Company.

The 2014 Plan was closed to new grants following the approval of the 2020 Plan, and therefore, there were no shares reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan as of March 31, 2023. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan and ESPP was 1,576,570 and 24,077 shares, respectively, as of March 31, 2023.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

No new accounting pronouncement issued or effective during the fiscal period had or is expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

Note 4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Prepaid insurance	$	534	$	823
Prepaid clinical		1,580		2,115
Prepaid other		258		143
Other current assets		47		28
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	2,419	$	3,109

Note 5. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued compensation and related expenses	$	845	$	1,909
Accrued clinical		1,141		1,826
Accrued professional services		206		65
Accrued other		50		112
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	2,242	$	3,912

Note 6. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

The Company leases office space under various operating leases. Total rent expense for all operating leases in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was $0.1 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company has an operating lease for 5,197 square feet of office space in Irvine, California. Effective January 1, 2023, the office lease was amended to extend the term of the lease through December 31, 2024.

On November 4, 2021, the Company entered into an operating lease for 6,138 square feet of office space in Burlington, Massachusetts, that expires on November 20, 2024.

The Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception. Our office leases have a remaining term of approximately twenty-one months and do not include options to extend the leases for additional periods.

Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date. Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of lease payments not yet paid. Operating lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset and are based upon the operating lease liabilities as adjusted for prepayments or accrued lease payments, initial direct costs, lease incentives, and impairment of operating lease assets. To determine the present value of lease payments not yet paid, we estimate incremental secured borrowing rates corresponding to the maturities of the leases. As we have no outstanding debt nor committed credit facilities, secured or otherwise, we estimate this rate based on prevailing financial market conditions, comparable company and credit analysis, and management’s judgment.

Our leases contain rent escalations over the lease term. We recognize expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Additionally, tenant incentives used to fund leasehold improvements are recognized when earned and reduce our right-of-use asset related to the lease. These are amortized through the right-of-use asset as reductions of expense over the lease term. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

While we do not currently have any lease agreement with lease and non-lease components, we elected to account for lease and non-lease components as separate components.

We have elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all applicable classes of underlying assets. Short-term disclosures include only those leases with a term greater than one month and 12 months or less, and expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, that do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that we are reasonably certain to exercise, are not recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Operating lease cost(a)	$	100	$	102
(a) Includes variable operating lease expenses, which are immaterial

Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands, except lease term and discount rate):


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	83		$	97
Remaining lease term
Operating leases	1.70 years			2.16 years
Discount rate
Operating leases		2.49	%		3.00	%

Future payments under noncancelable operating leases having initial or remaining terms of one year or more are as follows for the succeeding fiscal year and thereafter (in thousands):


	March 31,
	2023
2023 (remainder of)		295
2024		388
Total minimum lease payments		683
Less imputed interest		(15	)
Present value of lease liabilities		668
Less current portion of operating lease liabilities		(384	)
Non-current operating lease liabilities	$	284

Grants and Licenses

ALS Therapy Development Foundation, Inc. License Agreement

In May 2015, Anelixis executed a License Agreement (the “Agreement”), which is an exclusive patent rights agreement with ALS Therapy Development Foundation, Inc. (“ALS TDI”) for certain patents and “know-how” of ALS TDI. This Agreement continues until the licensee terminates the agreement with ninety days written notice. The Agreement requires license fees payable to ALS TDI, subject to the achievement of certain milestones and other conditions.

The first and second milestones of the Agreement are the dosing of the first subjects in a first toxicity study in non-human primates and the dosing of the first patient in a Phase I Clinical Trial, respectively. Both of these milestones were achieved as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. The fee due for the achievement of these milestones was $1.0 million each. During 2018 and 2017, Anelixis issued $1.0 million worth of its common stock in lieu of making a cash payment. No milestones were achieved during either the three months ended March 31, 2023 or the year ended December 31, 2022.

The Agreement was amended and restated in February 2020, and a first amendment to the restated license agreement was executed in September 2020. As amended in September 2020, the remaining milestone payments for a first licensed product total $6.0 million. In the event that the Company develops a second licensed product, the Company is obligated to pay up to $2.5 million in additional milestone payments.

In addition to the milestone payments, the Company is required to pay ALS TDI an amended annual license maintenance fee of $0.1 million beginning on the earlier of January 1, 2022, the Company’s first sublicense, or change in control, as defined in the Agreement. Beginning in 2022, the Company began paying the $0.1 million annual license maintenance fee to ALS TDI.

Furthermore, the Company shall pay ALS TDI fees based on reaching certain levels of annual net sales of any product produced with the patent rights. A royalty in the low single digits will be due on aggregate net sales. Upon the first calendar year of reaching $500.0 million in aggregate net sales, the Company shall pay ALS TDI a one-time milestone payment of $15.0 million. Upon the first calendar year of reaching $1.0 billion in aggregate net sales, the Company is obligated to pay ALS TDI a one-time milestone payment of $30.0 million.

Lonza Sales AG Inc. License Agreement

In September 2018, Anelixis executed a License Agreement (the “Lonza Agreement”), which is a manufacturing know-how rights agreement with Lonza Sales AG Inc. (“Lonza”) for the use of certain processes and know-how related to the manufacture of tegoprubart. The Lonza Agreement continues until the later of the last Valid Claim (as defined therein) or ten years from the First Commercial Sale of tegoprubart, as defined and subject to the conditions therein. A royalty in the low single digits will be due on aggregate net sales of tegoprubart that is manufactured by Lonza or any other third-party or licensee.

eGenesis, Inc. Collaboration Agreement

In September 2022, and subsequently amended in January 2023, Eledon executed a collaborative research agreement with eGenesis, Inc. (the “eGenesis Agreement”), under which eGenesis will gain access to tegoprubart for eGenesis’ ongoing preclinical research and development xenotransplant studies of human-compatible organs and cells for the treatment of organ failure. eGenesis will pay Eledon for supplies of tegoprubart based on the number of study days per animal needed for the eGenesis preclinical xenotransplant studies. The eGenesis agreement continues until September 2025, unless terminated earlier by either party.

Israeli Innovation Authority Grant

From 2012 through 2015, the Company received grants in the amount of approximately $0.5 million from the Israeli Innovation Authority (previously the Office of Chief Scientist) of the Israeli Ministry of Economy and Industry designated for investments in research and development. The grants are linked to the U.S. Dollar and bear annual interest of LIBOR. The grants are to be repaid out of royalties from sales of the products developed by the Company from its investments in research and development. Because the Company has not yet earned revenues related to these investments and cannot estimate potential royalties, no liabilities related to these grants have been recorded as of each period presented. Repayment of the grant is contingent upon the successful completion of the Company’s research and development programs and generating sales. The Company has no obligation to repay these grants if the research and development program fails, is unsuccessful or aborted or if no sales are generated. The Company has not yet generated sales as of March 31, 2023; therefore, no liability was recorded for the repayment in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Legal Matters

The Company and its subsidiaries are not a party to or the subject of any claim or lawsuit that individually or in the aggregate is anticipated to have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Indemnifications

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves future claims that may be made against the Company but have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future because of these indemnification obligations. No amounts associated with such indemnifications have been recorded to date.

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made, and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. There have been no contingent liabilities requiring accrual at March 31, 2023.

Note 7. Stockholders’ Equity

Equity Distribution Agreement

On March 31, 2021, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 containing a prospectus and prospectus supplement under which the Company may offer and sell up to $75 million in shares of its common stock, from time to time, pursuant to an open market sale agreement with Jeffries LLC and by any method deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “ATM Program”). Pursuant to the “baby shelf rules” promulgated by the SEC, if the Company’s public float is less than $75.0 million as of specified measurement periods, the number of shares of common stock that may be offered and sold by the Company under a Form S-3 registration statement, including pursuant to the ATM Program, in any twelve-month period is limited to an aggregate amount that does not exceed one-third of the Company’s public float. As of March 31, 2023, due to the SEC’s “baby shelf rules,” the Company was permitted to sell up to $13.2 million of shares of common stock pursuant to the ATM Program. The Company will remain subject to the “baby shelf rules” under the Form S-3 registration statement until such time as its public float exceeds $75.0 million. Through March 31, 2023, no shares of common stock have been sold under the ATM program. Under the Securities Purchase Agreement described in Note 8, the Company is restricted from selling shares under the ATM Program until the later of (i) 4 months from April 28, 2023 and (ii) ninety days after the registration statement filed pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement has been declared effective.

Common Stock Warrants

As of March 31, 2023, there were 1,145,631 warrants exercisable into common stock (rounding for fractional shares and subject to beneficial ownership blockers).


	Roll Forward of Warrant Activity
	Registered direct warrants, placement agent		Private placement warrants		Private placement warrants, placement agent		Warrants exchanged for common stock		Warrants exchanged for Series X1 preferred stock		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022		9,581		319,064		9,177		509,117		298,692		1,145,631
Issued		—		—		—		—		—		—
Exercised		—